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NA-00-002 - Tree Biodiversity Network (BIOTREE-NET)
http://www.givd.info/ID/NA-00-002
Cayuela, Luis
2019 plots
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Description
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Database Details
Please refer to the ID
NA-00-002
whenever using data from this particular database
ID:
NA-00-002
Registered since:
2010-11-26
Last update:
2018-11-09
Web address
http://portal.biotreenet.com/
Fact Sheet
Download
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according to a specific agreement
after blocking period
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Editor of GIVD Database Entry
Editor:
LUIS CAYUELA
Scope
(fact sheet)
BIOTREE-NET is a network of forest inventory plots in southern Mexico and Central America. Its major goal is to promote biodiversity research and conservation in the tropics by stimulating data sharing and collaboration between scientists from different parts of the world.
A concise verbal outline which kind of data are collected (i.e. criteria for inclusion)
Abstract
(fact sheet)
Biodiversity research and conservation efforts in the tropics are hindered by the lack of knowledge of the assemblages found there, with many species undescribed or poorly known. Our initiative, the Tree Biodiversity Network (BIOTREE-NET), aims to address this problem by assembling georeferenced data from a wide range of sources, making these data easily accessible and easily queried, and promoting data sharing. The database currently comprises ca. 50,000 tree records of ca. 5,000 species (230 in the IUCN Red List) from >2,000 forest plots in 11 countries. The focus is on trees because of their pivotal role in tropical forest ecosystems (which contain most of the world`s biodiversity) in terms of ecosystem function, carbon storage and effects on other species. BIOTREE-NET currently focuses on southern Mexico and Central America, but we aim to expand coverage to other parts of tropical America. The database is relational, comprising 12 linked data tables. We summarise its structure and contents. Key tables contain data on forest plots (including size, location and date(s) sampled), individual trees (including diameter, when available, and both recorded and standardised species name), species (including biological traits of each species) and the researchers who collected the data. Many types of queries are facilitated and species distribution modelling is enabled. Examining the data in BIOTREE-NET to date, we found an uneven distribution of data in space and across biomes, reflecting the general state of knowledge of the tropics. More than 90% of the data were collected since 1990 and plot size varies widely, but with most less than one hectare in size. A wide range of minimum sizes is used to define a `tree`. The database helps to identify gaps that need filling by further data collection and collation. Researchers are invited and encouraged to contribute data to BIOTREE-NET, and the data will soon become publicly available.
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List of primary sources:
- Angulo Fernández, D.A. 2002. Inventario florístico estructural del Bosque de El Macotal, El Salvador. Proyecto de Graduación del programa de ingeniero en Desarrollo Socioeconómico y Ambiente, El Zamorano, El Salvador. 43 p. - Arellanes Cancino, Y. 2000. Análisis estructural de un bosque mesófilo de montaña de Ticodendron incognitum en la sierra norte de Oaxaca, México. Tesis de Licenciatura (B.Sc. Thesis), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., 83 p. - Balvanera, P., Lott, E., Segura, G., Siebe, C., and Islas, A. 2002. Alpha-diversity patterns and determinants in a tropical dry forest of Mexico. Journal of Vegetation Science 13: 145-158. - Boucher, H. D., J. Vandermeer, M. A. Mallona, N. Zamora & I. Perfecto. 1994. Resistence and resilience in a directly regenerating rainforest. Nicaraguan trees of the Vochysiaceae after Hurricane Joan. Journal of Forest Ecology 68:127-136. - Boucher, D., Vandermeer, J., Granzow-de la Cerda, Í., Mallona, M.A., Perfecto, I., and Zamora, N. 2001. Post-agriculture versus post-hurricane succession in southeastern Nicaraguan rain forest. Plant Ecology 156(2): 131-137. - Brewer, S.W. and Webb, M.A. 2002. A seasonal evergreen forest in Belize: unusually high tree species richness for northern Central America. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 138: 275-296. - Brewer, S.W., Rejmánek, M., Webb, M.A.H. and Fine, P.V.A. 2003. Relationships of phytogeography and diversity of tropical tree species with limestone topography in southern Belize. Journal of Biogeography 30: 1669-1688. - Burns, K.C. 2007. Is tree diversity different in the Southern Hemisphere? Journal of Vegetation Science 18: 307-312. - Castillo-Santiago, M.A., Ricker, M. & de Jong, B.H.J. 2010. Estimation of tropical forest structure from SPOT-5 satellite images. International Journal of Remote Sensing, in press. - Cayuela, L., Golicher, J.D., Rey Benayas, J.M., González-Espinosa, M. and Ramírez-Marcial, N. 2006. Fragmentation, disturbance and tree diversity conservation in tropical montane forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 43: 1172-1181. - Cayuela, L., Murcia, C., Hawk, A.A., Fernández-Vega, J. and Oviedo-Brenes, F. 2009. Tree responses to habitat fragmentation and canopy openness in a tropical montane forest fragment in southern Costa Rica. Tropical Conservation Science 2(4): 425-436. - Condit, R., Pitman, N., Leigh, E.G.Jr., Chave, J., Terborgh, J., Foster, R.B., Núñez, P., Aguilar, S., Valencia, R., Villa, G., Muller-Landau, H.C., Losos, E. and Hubbell, S.P. 2002. Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science 295: 666-669. - Cortés-Castelán, J.C. and Islebe, G.A. 2005. Influencia de factores ambientales en la distribución de especies arbóreas en las selvas del sureste de México. Revista de Biología Tropical 53(1-2): 115-133. - del Castillo, R. and Blanco-Macías, A. 2007. Secondary succession under a slahs-and-burn regime in a tropical montane cloud forest: soil and vegetation characteristics. In. A.C. Newton (ed), Biodiversity loss and conservation in fragmented forest landscapes: the forests of montane Mexico and temperate South America. CAB International, pp. 158-180. - Fernández, J. 2008. ¿Varía la estructura y la composición del bosque luego de la fragmentación? Análisis del Valle de Coto Brus, Costa Rica. Informe de Práctica de Especialidad. Escuela de Ingeniería Forestal, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, Costa Rica. - Field, R. and Long, P. 2007. Cusuco National Park, Honduras. Ecology of a Meso-American cloud forest. Field report. - Figueroa-Rangel, B.L. and Olvera-Vargas, M. 2000. Regeneration patterns in relation to canopy species composition and site variables in mixed oak forest in the Sierra de Manantlán Biosphere Reserve, Mexico. Ecological Research 15: 249-261. - Galindo-Jaimes, L., González-Espinosa, M., Quintana-Ascencio, P.F. and García-Barrios, L. 2002. Tree composition and structure in disturbed stands with varying dominance by Pinus spp. in the Highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Plant Ecology 162: 259-272. - Gillespie, T.W., Grijalva, A. and Farris, C.N. 2000.Diversity, composition, and structure of tropical dry forests in Central America. Plant Ecology 147: 37-47. - Golicher, D.J. 2002. The dynamics of disturbed Mexican Pine Oak forest: a modelling approach. PhD thesis, University of Edinburgh, UK. - Golicher, D.J., Cayuela, L., Alkemade, R.M., González-Espinosa, M. and Ramírez-Marcial, N. 2008. Applying climatically associated species pools to the modelling of compositional change in tropical montane forests. Global Ecology and Biogeography 17: 262-273. - González-Rivas, B., Tigabu, M., Gerhardt, K., Castro-Martín, G. and Odén, P.C. 2006. Species composition, diversity and local uses of tropical dry deciduous and gallery forests in Nicaragua. Biodiversity and Conservation 15: 1509-1527. - Gordon, J.E., Barrance, A.J. and Schreckenberg, K. 2003a. Are rare species useful species? Obstacles to the conservation of tree diversity in the dry forest zone agro-ecosystems of Mesoamerica. Global Ecology and Biogeography 12: 13-19. - Gordon, J.E., Hawthorne, W.D., Sandoval, G. and Barrance, A.J. 2003b. Trees and farming in the dry zone of southern Honduras II: the potential for tree diversity conservation. Agroforestry Systems 59: 107-117. - Gordon, J.E., Hawthorne, W.D., Reyes-García, A., Sandoval, G. and Barrance, A.J. 2004. Assessing landscapes: a case study of tree and shrub diversity in the seasonally dry tropical forests of Oaxaca, Mexico and southern Honduras. Biological Conservation 117(4): 429-442. - Gordon, J.E. and Newton, A. 2006. The potential misapplication of rapid plant diversity assessment in tropical conservation. Journal for Nature Conservation 14(2): 117-126. - Granzow-de la Cerda, Í., Zamora, N., Vandermeer, J., and Boucher, D. 1997. Diversidad de especies arbóreas en el bosque tropical húmedo del Caribe nicaragüense siete años después del huracán Juana. Revista Biología Tropical 45: 1409-1419. - Griffith, D., Coronado, I., Polisar, J., Bauman, K., Asa, C., Camilo, G., Bradshaw, L. and Espinoza-Mendiola, V. 2009. Poblaciones de animales y plantas silvestres y la sostenibilidad de la cacería en Miskitu Indian Tasbaika Kum, Bosawas, Nicaragua. Reporte técnico para la asociación indígena ADEPCIMISUJIN. 96 páginas. Español y Miskitu. - Hartshorn, G.S. (1983) Plants: Introduction, pp. 11 8-157. In: D.H. Janzen (ed.). Costa Rican natural history. University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois. - Letcher, S.G. 2010. Phylogenetic structure of angiosperm communities during tropical forest succession. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 277:90-104. - Letcher, S.G. and Chazdon, R.L. 2009a. Lianas and self-supporting plants during tropical forest succession. Forest Ecology and Management 257: 2150-2156. - Letcher, S.G. and Chazdon, R.L. 2009b. Rapid recovery of biomass, species richness, and species composition in a forest chronosequence in northeastern Costa Rica. Biotropica 41: 608-617. - Mascaro, J., Perfecto, I., Barros, O., Boucher, D.H., Granzow de la Cerda, Í., Ruiz, J., and Vandermeer, J. 2005. Aboveground biomass accumulation in a tropical wet forest in Nicaragua following a catastrophic hurricane disturbance. Biotropica 37(4): 600–608. - Méndez, V.E. 2004. Traditional shade, rural livelihoods, and conservation in small coffee farms and cooperatives of western El Salvador. Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Environmental Studies, University of California. Santa Cruz, CA, U.S.A. - Méndez, V.E., Gliesmsman, S.R. and Gilbert, G.S. 2007. Tree biodiversity in farmer cooperatives of a shade coffee landscape in western El Salvador. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 119: 145-159. - Muñiz-Castro, M.A., Williams-Linera, G. and Rey Benayas, J.M. 2005. Distance effect from cloud forest fragments on plant community structure in abandoned pastures in Veracruz, Mexico. Journal of Tropical Ecology 22: 431-440 - Murillo, L. 2002. Medición de Biodiversidad Alfa y Beta en dos tipos de vegetación del Parque Nacional Montecristo, El Salvador. Trabajo de Graduación, Carrera de Desarrollo Socioeconómico y Ambiente, El Zamorano, Honduras. 77p. - Ochoa-Gaona, S., González-Espinosa, M., Meave, J.A. and Sorani-Dal Bon, V. 2004. Effect of forest fragmentation on the woody flora of the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 13: 867-884. - Olvera-Vargas, M., Figueroa-Rangel, B.L. & Bongers, F. 2000. Zonation and management of mountain forests in the Sierra de Manantlan, Mexico. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 85: 17-22. - Olvera-Vargas, M., Figueroa-Rangel, B.L. & Vázquez-López, J.M. 2010. Is there environmental differentiation in the Quercus-dominated forests of west-central Mexico? Plant Ecology. DOI: 10.1007/s11258-010-9792-z. - Olvera-Vargas, M., Figueroa-Rangel, B.L., Vazquez-Lopez, J.M. & Brown, N. 2006. Dynamics and Silviculture of Montane Mixed Oak Forests in Western Mexico. In: Kappelle, M. Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Montane Oak Forests. Ecological Studies Vol 185, Springer Verlag, Germany. pp. 363-374. - Pérez, M. 2004.Composición florística del Cerro Masicarán, San Antonio de Oriente, Honduras, C.A. Proyecto de Graducación Carrera Desarrollo Socioeconómico y Ambiente, El Zamorano, Honduras. 44p. - Phillips, O.L. and Miller, J.S. 2002. Global patterns of plant biodiversity: Alwyn H. Gentry`s forest transect data set. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO, US. - Pyke, C.R., Condit, R., Aguilar, S. and Lao, S. 2001. Floristic composition across a climatic gradient in a neotropical lowland forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 12: 553-566. - Ramírez-Marcial, N., González-Espinosa, M. and Williams-Linera, G. 2001. Anthropogenic disturbance and tree diversity in Montane Rain Forests in Chiapas, Mexico. Foreste Ecology and Management 154: 311-326. - Ruiz, J., Boucher D.H., Ruiz-Moreno, D., and Ingram-Flores, C. 2009. Recruitment dynamics of the tropical rainforest tree Dipteryx oleifera (Fabaceae) in eastern Nicaragua. Revista de Biología Tropical 57(1-2): 321-338. - Ruiz, J., Vandermeer, J., and Granzow de la Cerda, Í. 2010. Growth and mortality patterns in a thinning canopy of post-hurricane regenerating rainforest in Eastern Nicaragua (1990-2005). Revista de Biología Tropical 58. En prensa. - Segura, G., Balvanera, P., Durán, E. and Pérez, A. 2003. Tree community structure and stem mortality along a water availability gradient in a Mexican tropical dry forest. Plant Ecology 169: 259-271. - Snarr, K.A. 2006. Life in a lowland wet forest fragment on the north coast of Honduras: The mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata) of Cuero y Salado Wildlife Refuge. PhD Thesis, University of Toronto, Canada. - Snarr, K.A. 2009. Sustainability in a forest fragment on the north coast of Honduras. VDM Publishing House Ltd, Germany. ISBN 978-3-639-15941-7. - Solís Morales, A. 2010. Estructura y composición de los bosques de montaña en la Reserva de la Biosfera El Triunfo, Chiapas. Tesis, Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Coahuila, México. - Stern, M.S, Quesada, M. & Stoner, K.E. 2002. Changes in composition and structure of a tropical dry forest following intermittent cattle grazing. Revista de Biología Tropical.50(3-4): 1021-1034. - Tun-Dzul, F.J., Vester, H., Durán García, R. and Schmook, B. 2008. Estructura arbórea y variabilidad temporal del NDVI en los "bajos inundables" de la Península de Yucatán, México. Polibotánica 25: 69-90. - Vandermeer, J.H., Zamora, N., Yih, K., and Boucher, D.H. 1990. Regeneración inicial en una selva tropical en la Costa Caribeña de Nicaragua después del huracán Juana. Revista Biología Tropical 38:347-359. - Vandermeer, J., Boucher, D., Perfecto, I., and Granzow-de la Cerda, Í. 1996. A theory of disturbance and species diversity: Evidence from Nicaragua after Hurricane Joan. Biotropica 28: 600-613. - Vandermeer, J., Granzow-de la Cerda, Í., and Boucher, D. 1997. Contrasting growth rate patterns in eighteen tree species from a post-hurricane forest in Nicaragua. Biotropica 29: 151-161. - Vandermeer, J., Brenner, A., and Granzow-de la Cerda, Í. 1998. Growth rates of tree height six years after hurricane damage at four localities in eastern Nicaragua. Biotropica 30: 502-509. - Vandermeer, J., Granzow-de la Cerda, Í., Boucher, D., Perfecto, I., and Ruiz, J. 2000. Hurricane disturbance and tropical tree species diversity. Science 290: 788-791. - Vandermeer, J., Boucher, B., Granzow-de la Cerda, Í., and Perfecto, I. 2001. Growth and development of the thinning canopy in a post-hurricane tropical rain forest in Nicaragua. Forest Ecology and Management 148: 221-242. - Vandermeer, J., and Granzow de la Cerda, Í. 2004. Height dynamics of the thinning canopy of a tropical rain forest: 14 years of succession in a post-hurricane forest in Nicaragua. Forest Ecology and Management 199: 125-135. - Vandermeer, J., Granzow-de la Cerda, Í., Perfecto, I., Boucher, B., Ruiz, J., and Kaufmann, A. 2004. Multiple basins of attraction in a tropical rain forest: evidence for non-equilibrium community structure. Ecology 85(2): 575-579. - Velázquez, E. and Gómez-Sal, A. 2007. Environmental control of early succession on a large landslide in a tropical dry ecosystem (Casita Volcano, Nicaragua). Biotropica 39: 601-609. - Viergever, M., Moss, D., Stuart, N. and Wallington, E. 2006. SAR remote sensing for natural resource management - using onling GPS services as control for detailed ground truthing. Geomatics World 14(4): 32-37. - White, D.A. and Hood, C.S. 2004. Vegetation patterns and environmental gradients in tropical dry forests of the northern Yucatan Peninsula. Journal of Vegetation Science 15: 151-160. - White, D.A. and Darwin, S.P. 1995. Woody vegetation of tropical lowland deciduous forests and Mayan ruins in the north-central Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico. Tulane Studies in Zoology and Botany 30: 1-25. - Williams, J.N., Viers, J.H. and Schwartz, M.W. 2010. Tropical dry forest trees and the relationship between local abundance and geographic range. Journal of Biogeography 37(5): 951-959. - Williams-Linera, G. 2002. Tree species richness complementarity, disturbance and fragmentation in a Mexican tropical montane cloud forest. Biodiversity and Conservation 11: 1825-1843. - Williams-Linera, G. and Lorea, F. 2009. Tree species diversity driven by enviromental and anthropogenic factors in tropical dry forest fragments of central Veracruz, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation 18: 3269-3293. - Yih, K., Boucher, D.H., Vandermeer, J.H., and Zamora, N. 1991. Recovery of the rainforest of southeastern Nicaragua after destruction by Hurricane Joan. Biotropica 23:106-113.
Overlap with other databases
Other overlapping databases
Plottypes
(fact sheet)
normal plots
nested plots
time series
Which plot types have been used?
Number of different sources from which vegetation-plots have been included
Bibliographic references of the vegetation-plot sources.
If your database overlaps significantly with another database please disclose the name of this/these database(s) here, and list in brackets after each database name or code the approximate number of joint vegetation-plot.
If your database overlaps significantly with another database please disclose the name of this/these database(s) here, and list in brackets after each database name or code the approximate number of joint vegetation-plot.
Number of locations
Start Year:
End Year:
Repetition
more than once a year
every year
every 2 years
every 3-10 years
less than every 10 years
other
other:
Max number of observations in one series
Mean number of observations in one series
Time series
Number of series
Max. plot-size range
smallest:
largest:
m²
m²
Max number of plot sizes in one series
Mean number of plot sizes in one series
Nested-plot series
Comments on plot-design
The following numbers refer to data you really have, but not to data you are going to collect in the future. So, please no potential vegetation-plots!
Number of veg.-plots with non-overlapping area
(fact sheet)
Number of veg.-plots observations
(fact sheet)
Estimate of existing non-overlapping veg.-plots
(fact sheet)
Completeness
100
The following questions refer to the total number of vegetation-plots!
Plot Sizes
(fact sheet)
min:
m² - max:
m²
(Note that only plot sizes up to 2 ha are eligible for GIVD; additional larger plot sizes are only possible in the case of nested-plot series that also contain smaller plots. see 'Criteria for inclusion')
Plot size categories
< 1 m²
1 - 10 m²
10 - 100 m²
100 - 1000 m²
1000 - 10000 m²
> 10000 m²
unknown
Years
oldest:
youngest:
Decades
(fact sheet)
< 1919
1920-1929
1930-1939
1940-1949
1950-1959
1960-1969
1970-1979
1980-1989
1990-1999
2000-2009
2010-2019
after 2020
unknown
Covered countries
(fact sheet)
Country
Percentage
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Afghanistan
Aland
Albania
Algeria
American Samoa
Andorra
Angola
Anguilla
Antarctica
Antigua and Barb.
Argentina
Armenia
Aruba
Australia
Austria
Azerbaijan
Bahamas
Bahrain
Bangladesh
Barbados
Belarus
Belgium
Belize
Benin
Bermuda
Bhutan
Bolivia
Bosnia and Herz.
Botswana
Br. Indian Ocean Ter.
Brazil
British Virgin Is.
Brunei
Bulgaria
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Canada
Cape Verde
Cayman Is.
Central African Rep.
Chad
Chile
China
Colombia
Comoros
Congo (Brazzaville)
Congo (Kinshasa)
Cook Is.
Costa Rica
Croatia
Cuba
Curacao
Cyprus
Czech Rep.
Denmark
Djibouti
Dominica
Dominican Rep.
East Timor
Ecuador
Egypt
El Salvador
Eq. Guinea
Eritrea
Estonia
Ethiopia
Falkland Is.
Faroe Is.
Fiji
Finland
Fr. Polynesia
Fr. S. and Antarctic Lands
France
French Guiana
Gabon
Gambia
Georgia
Germany
Ghana
Greece
Greenland
Grenada
Guam
Guatemala
Guernsey
Guinea
Guinea Bissau
Guyana
Haiti
Heard I. and McDonald Is.
Honduras
Hong Kong
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indian Ocean Ter.
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland
Isle of Man
Israel
Italy
Ivory Coast
Jamaica
Japan
Jersey
Jordan
Kazakhstan
Kenya
Kiribati
Kosovo
Kuwait
Kyrgyzstan
Laos
Latvia
Lebanon
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Liechtenstein
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Macau
Macedonia
Madagascar
Malawi
Malaysia
Maldives
Mali
Malta
Marshall Is.
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mexico
Micronesia
Moldova
Monaco
Mongolia
Montenegro
Montserrat
Morocco
Mozambique
Myanmar
N. Cyprus
N. Korea
N. Mariana Is.
Namibia
Nauru
Nepal
Netherlands
New Caledonia
New Zealand
Nicaragua
Niger
Nigeria
Niue
Norfolk Island
Norway
Oman
Pakistan
Palau
Palestine
Panama
Papua New Guinea
Paraguay
Peru
Philippines
Pitcairn Is.
Poland
Portugal
Puerto Rico
Qatar
Romania
Russia
Rwanda
S. Geo. and S. Sandw. Is.
S. Korea
S. Sudan
Saint Helena
Saint Lucia
Samoa
San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe
Saudi Arabia
Senegal
Serbia
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Singapore
Sint Maarten
Slovakia
Slovenia
Solomon Is.
Somalia
South Africa
Spain
Sri Lanka
St. Barthelemy
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Martin
St. Pierre and Miquelon
St. Vin. and Gren.
Sudan
Suriname
Swaziland
Sweden
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
Tajikistan
Tanzania
Thailand
Togo
Tonga
Trinidad and Tobago
Tunisia
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Turks and Caicos Is.
Tuvalu
U.S. Virgin Is.
Uganda
Ukraine
United Arab Emirates
United Kingdom
United States
Uruguay
Uzbekistan
Vanuatu
Vatican
Venezuela
Vietnam
W. Sahara
Wallis and Futuna
Yemen
Zambia
Zimbabwe
Guilds
(fact sheet)
woody vascular plants:
herbaceous vascular plants
bryophytes (terricolous or aquatic)
lichens (terricolous or aquatic)
algae (terricolous or aquatic)
non-terricolous taxa (epiphytic, saxicolous, lignicolous)
Performance measure
(fact sheet)
presence/absence only
cover
number of individuals
measurements like diameter or height of trees
biomass
other
Phytosociological classification
from primary source
with uniform classification
Geographic localisation
(fact sheet)
GPS coordinates (precision 25 m or less)
point coordinates less precise than GPS, up to 1 km
small grid (not coarser than 10 km)
political units or only on a coarser scale ( above 10 km)
Structural data
cover of vegetation layers
height of vegetation layers
Environmental data
(fact sheet)
altitude
slope aspect
slope inclination
microrelief
surface cover other than plants (open soil, litter, bare rock etc.)
other soil attributes
soil pH
land use categories
soil depth
other attributes
i.e. names of the other soil attributes if you filled in a fraction above
Insert the number of Plots (not percentages!) for each formation.
(fact sheet)
Formations
non-assigned vegetation plots:
0
Forest
Semi Aquatic
Terrestrial
Non Forest
Number of taxon names
Number of valid taxa
(fact sheet)
Plant nomenclature: general
The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/) is the primary source for validation of scientific names. The Plant List is a working list of all known plant species, which provides the accepted Latin name for most species, with links to all known synonyms for that species. It also includes unresolved names for which the contributing data sources did not contain sufficient evidence to decide whether they are accepted or synonyms.
Publication(s) describing the data
Since BIOTREE-NET pools together several datasets, there are publications describing the data for most of the individual datasets (see list of primary sources), but there is not yet any publication describing all the data within BIOTREE-NET as a whole.
DB related publication DOI
Publication(s) analysing the data
Since BIOTREE-NET pools together several datasets, there are publications analysing the data for most of the individual datasets (see list of primary sources), but there is not yet any publication analysing all the data within BIOTREE-NET as a whole.
Classification(s) using the database
Comments